The rock for these statues, called moai, was hauled all over the island from one quarry. On Easter Island, for example, almost the entire community had to be involved in the quarrying, carving, and transportation of statues. This process often involved thousands of slaves and other workers. Stones could also be hauled with pulley systems involving ropes and moveable wooden tracks or sleds. Stones had to be carried or dragged out of quarries manually. Quarrying material for use in building materials was much more work. Calumets, made of a type of metamorphic rock called catlinite or pipestone, were important for creating lasting treaties, or agreements between groups of people. state of Minnesota, they quarried for stones to make calumets, or ceremonial smoking pipes. At a site in Pipestone National Monument, in the U.S. and Canada did not quarry stone to build monuments or houses. The Lakota culture of the Midwest region of the U.S. Even communities that did not have stone buildings created quarries. The earliest quarries were mined with hammers, picks, and chisels made of stone or metals such as bronze and iron. Methods of extracting stone and other materials from quarries have changed since the first quarries were mined in the Aswan area of Egypt. In ancient Rome, slaves and criminals were often forced to do the extremely difficult work of cutting stones in marble, granite, and limestone quarries. Ancient Egyptians built the Great Pyramids with massive limestone and granite blocks cut by hand from nearby quarries. Quarries have been used for thousands of years. The most common purpose of quarries is to extract stone for building materials. Another type of mine, a sub-surface mine, consists of underground tunnels or shafts. A quarry is a type of mine called an open-pit mine, because it is open to the Earth's surface. A quarry is a place where rocks, sand, or minerals are extracted from the surface of the Earth.
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